8Where do we get this magic wand and crystal ball?我们到哪里获得这种魔棒和水晶玻璃球？
Bismuth (Bi) appears to generally be a metal, but the amount of electrons obtainable for electrical conduction is similar to that of semiconductors. In truth, bismuth is termed a semimetal. Molecular solids are generally crystals formed from molecules or polymers. They can be insulating, semiconducting, or metallic, depending on the kind of molecules inside the crystal. New molecules are constantly remaining synthesized, and a lot of are created into crystals. The quantity of various crystals is big.
Chemical Bonds The categories of chemical bonds formed between atoms or groups of atoms in crystals count on their sizing and electronegativity. You can find four classes of crystals as grouped by their bonding:
Tetragonal: These crystals kind prisms and double pyramids. The framework is sort of a cubic crystal, other than just one axis is longer than another.
Crystalline structure is characterized by a geometrical, repeating pattern of symmetric molecular composition. The arrangement of atoms varieties these purchased, repeating patterns.
当二氧化硅结晶完美时就是水晶；结晶不完美的就是石英：二氧化硅胶化脱水后就是玛瑙；二氧化硅含水的胶体凝固后就成为蛋白石；二氧化硅晶粒小于几微米时，就组成玉髓、燧石、次生石英岩。
根据包裹体和主晶宝石之间形成的先后关系可将水晶的包裹体划分以下三种类�?
Hexagonal �?Characterized by four axes, here 3 of which happen to be equivalent in length and intersect at one hundred twenty degrees, by using a fourth axis perpendicular to the opposite three.
水晶是有成色等级之分，影响水晶价位的因素很多，不像钻石以4C就可以判定，所以大家要多听多看多比较才能真正辨别出来。一般的标准是水晶石越大越好，越透越好，颜色越娇嫩越好，形状越典型越好。不过最重要还是自己喜欢，而选购时辨识真伪的方法大致有下列几种：
The definition of the solid appears clear; a strong is mostly considered remaining challenging and organization. Upon inspection, even so, the definition turns into considerably less straightforward. A cube of butter, by way of example, is hard just after becoming saved inside of a fridge and it is clearly a good. Soon after remaining to the kitchen area counter for each day, the same cube turns into fairly gentle, and it truly is unclear If your butter ought to still be considered a sound.
Solitary crystals of metals are smooth and malleable, although polycrystalline metals are more difficult and more powerful and are more valuable industrially. Most polycrystalline elements is often manufactured into huge one crystals following extended heat treatment. Previously blacksmiths would warmth a piece of steel to really make it malleable: heat makes a few grains mature significant by incorporating lesser types. The smiths would bend the softened metallic into form then pound it awhile; the pounding would ensure it is polycrystalline once more, growing its power.
正常的水晶在生长时，多可以发现和柱形尖端棱线平行的生长纹（advancement traces）。由于在地底、岩洞中的生长空间多狭窄，尤其在遇到地震时，或地壳变动时，甚至容易遭到其他矿石的挤压，常常会压迫产生不同的「晶面」。还有，当水晶还是在液态状的时候，常常也会包覆着其他的矿石、泥灰一起结晶成长，如金红石（稍后变成发晶）、火山泥灰（稍后变成幻影水晶）等等。所有的这些，都是「自然的一部分」，请不要视为「瑕疵」。
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水晶观赏石在形态、质地、内部特征等方面往往十分奇异。大自然有无限风光，都可以在包裹体水晶种找到缩影。